IRAN 101 – Post 3
Context - Neighbors in 1906
So as I said in Post 2 one of the most important events in the past 250 years of the history of Iran was the Iran’s Constitutional Revolution in 1906 which demanded the monarch to hand over his power to a parliament.
This forward thinking of the educated and the elite aristocrats which immediately attracted the public support and pushed the monarchy to a change has always fascinated me. The significance of this movement becomes tangible as we examine how forward this thinking really was in the international context of time and place.
So let’s look at Iran’s neighbors and see where they were in 1906.
Russia [if you look at the map of Iran now, you will not see Russia, you will see Armenia, Azarbaijan and Turkmenistan, all of these countries at that time were colonies of The Russian Empire.]
Russian Empire at the time had some very interesting turns of events. In 1905 we have a significant revolt of the Russian people against the absolute monarchy of the Tsar. This revolution led to the Russian Constitution of 1906.
The Russian Constitution of 1906 is a revision of laws initiated by the imperial government of Tsar to hand over the absolute power of the Tsar and involve a parliament to share the power with the monarch.
Iraq – Was not a country. The province after being the subject of squabbles between the Persian Safavid Dynasty and the Ottoman Turks was taken over by the Turks. There is a long history of Iraq as a part of the Persian Empire. For now we focus on the fact that in 1906 Iraq was a region occupied by the Turkish Ottomans who in 1906 were facing their own problems of keeping up their outdated empire.
As the new imperial forces of Netherlands, England and other western countries began their new strategies of ruling over the world by modern colonization ways of finding and exploiting mines, and the people of the countries without establishing direct colonial governments, the Ottoman Empire still tried to exert power by lording over lands and extending boundaries.
This sort of “Empire Building” proved troublesome due to the uprising of the locals who did not want to be ruled by foreigners. Also conquering lands without having the infrastructure to exploit the riches and the labor of the occupied land did not deem much profitable for the Turks.
So in 1906 Iraq did not have a central government or a government of its own people.
Turkey – Turkey was the seat of the Ottoman Empire and it was an absolute dictatorship. The Ottoman Turks as mentioned above, were not up to date with the new ways of the world domination, they formed alliances with other empires but in the end failed. In Turkey of 1906 an anti-monarch movement by the name of Young Turks started to shape.
Afghanistan – Afghani nation is a proud nation who whether we like it or not their small but important country, Afghanistan, has always been a part of the Greater Iran until the early 1700’s. Half of the country speaks Persian fluently and better than Iranians do (I say this because the words they use are the older words of the Persian language and I’m simply in love with the way they speak it). One of the most important literary figures of the Persian language the poet Rumi was born in Afghanistan, of course at the time Afghanistan was a part of Iran. Our culture and history is so intertwined and similar that it baffles me why are we not one nation, and why don’t we share our country with our Afghan brothers and sisters? The answer is India, England and much more which I know you will read about it at your own leisure. For now we focus on this fact that in 1906 Afghanistan consisted of many tribes and it was under the control of India and India as we know at that time was a British Colony!
In 1906 Afghanistan did not have a central government of its own people.
Pakistan - Pakistan in 1906 was a British Colony, it was not a country with a constitutional law and a central government and it would not be one until the late forties. Pakistan used to be a part the Greater Iran at times throughout the history but Pakistan has always had a stronger cultural proximity to India. The reason Pakistan became a country lays in the desire of the Islamic Separatists of India. In 1906 Pakistan did not have a central government of its own people.
Saudi-Arabia - in 1906 the Arabian lands on the peninsula now called the Saudi-Arabia was consisted of a few small merchant towns and many Bedouin tribes. The region was under the lands conquered by the Ottomen Turks. Saudi-Arabia is a brand new country and in 1906 did not have a central government or a central leading body of its own people.
I am going to stop here and invite you to take a look at where Iran was in comparison to its neighbors and the ever expanding colonial powers and the discovery of oil and the awareness of its educated class.
As you can see there are vast differences between these countries in the region and I’m glad I can give you the quick version. At the same time I am very sad that I do not have the education or the time to delve into each subject deeper. However our goal about this blog is set at a Cliff’s Notes level, so I suppose we’re good.
As you all remember I said this blog is to get the ball rolling and to give you a bit of information about Iran. In a fast world like this I suppose even this blog might have some sort of value.
I also want to point out about the fact that these days there’s a tendency for people to think that some sort of uprising is in the works for the entire world. That may very well be the case but in fact there has always been some sort of an uprising in the works. As you can see nations have always been influenced by each other and related to each other, one’s triumph has always inspired the others to move and intelligent aware people of all nations have always changed the course of history.
The reason we think there is an uprising is because we now have the ability to know more and faster. As we type in to see “Cat” videos we will come across “Catastrophe” videos, internet is funny that way so use at your own risk because with knowledge comes responsibility and power.
Thank you for reading about Iran.